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Summary
Geography Class 29

Climatic regions: (5:25:57 PM):

  • 0 to 10 degree:-Hot and a wet equatorial type of climate.
  • 10 to 30 degree:-Hot zone includes desert, savanna climate, and Monsoon type of climates.
  • 30 to 45 degrees- Meditterean, steppe, and China type of climate.
  • 45 to 60 degrees-Coll temperate zone Includes British, Siberian, and Laurentian types of climate.
  • 66 1/2 degrees and above-Arctic zone.

Hot and wet equatorial climate:(6:04:41 PM):

  • Temperature is always high throughout the year.
  • Precipitation happens through convection.
  • The daily maximum temperature is 30 degrees and the daily minimum is 20 degrees.
  • The diurnal range of temperature is more than the annual range and both are very less.
  • Humidity levels are high.
  • No marked differences between the seasons.
  • Precipitation above 250 cm through conventional rainfall.
  • Life is rich here.>> Vegetation is evergreen in nature.
  • Evergreen rainforests exist here.
  • Vegetation shows the layered arrangement of trees.
  • Sunlight is the limiting factor.
  • The diversity of flora and fauna is very high.
  • Regions- Amazon basin, Parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Congo Basin, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Papua New Guinea.

Monsoon type of Climate:(6:25:10 PM):

  • Hot zone eastern Margin.
  • Seasonal reversal of winds.
  • Precipitation is concentrated during the monsoon period.
  • One or more months of the dry season.
  • Vegetation is a deciduous type.
  • Trees shed leaves during winter.
  • Regions- South Asia including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indo-China, Eastern Africa, and Northern Australia.
  • Within the monsoon type, onshore trade winds cause precipitation from both directions throughout the year called a tropical marine climate.
  • Examples- Central America, SE Brazil, etc.

Sudan type of climate:

  • Hot zone continental type of climate.
  • Grasslands in tropical regions.
  • Precipitation is lesser in the eastern margin and more than in the western margin.
  • Rainfall in summer due to convection.
  • The definite dry season during winters.
  • The average annual rainfall is 70 cm.
  • Scattered drought-resistant trees.
  • Regions- Sudan region, Savanna region to the south of the equator in Africa, South America-Llanos, and Campos and North Australia.

Desert Type of climate:(7:10:00 PM):

  • Hot zone western climate.
  • Formed by 3 conditions;
  • -Nearness to the subtropical high-pressure belt.
  • -Offshore trade winds.
  • -the presence of cold ocean currents.
  • Precipitation is very less with less than 25 cm per annum.
  • High Diurnal range of temperature.
  • Vegetation is xerophytic in nature.
  • Eg- Cactus, dates, etc.
  • Regions-Sahara desert, Mohave desert, Arizona desert, Atacama desert, Namib desert, Kalahari desert, Victoria desert, Gibson desert.

Medditerean type of climate:

  • Aso called warm temperate western margin.
  • In summers ITCZ shifts northwards bringing offshore trade winds with no precipitation.
  • In winters ITCZ shifts southwards bringing onshore westerlies and causing good rainfall.
  • In winter they are also under the influence of temperate cyclones causing rainfall.
  • It is known for its characteristic dry summers and wet winters.
  • Summers are not very hot.
  • Vegetation is drought-resistant, deep-rooted short bushes.
  • Examples-Grapes, are olives, oranges, and other citrus fruits.
  • Regions- California, Central Chile, Southwestern part of South Africa, Southwest, and Southern Australia.

Steppe type of climate:(7:34:40 PM):

  • Warm temperate continental type.
  • Precipitation is higher than in tropical grasslands due to the influence of temperate cyclones during winters.
  • During summers the precipitation is through convection resulting in moderate rainfall throughout the year.
  • The grass is short and green.
  • Soil is very fertile.
  • They are known for large-scale commercial agriculture and animal rearing.
  • Regions-Steppes of Central Asia, Prairies in North America, Pampas in South America, Velds in south Africa, Downs in Australia, etc.

China Type of Climate:

  • warm temperate eastern margin.
  • Precipitation is throughout the year.
  • In summer, they are affected by tropical cyclones and in winter they are under the influence of temperate cyclones.
  • Summers>> Not too hot, Winters>> Not too cold.
  • Vegetation is dense and luxurious.
  • Deciduous and evergreen species.
  • Regoins>> Southeastern USA, SE Brazil, South Eastern China, SE South Africa, SE Australia.

Laurentian type of climate:

  • Cool temperate eastern margin.
  • Temperature ranges between 20 degrees in summers to below zero degrees in winters.
  • Rainfall> throughout the year but more in summers.
  • Under the influence of temperate cyclones.
  • Vegetation- Upto 50 degrees N and S is deciduous and broad-leaved and beyond that it is coniferous.
  • Regions-Eastern Canada, NE USA, Northern China, Korea, and Japan, SE Argentina.

Next class-Continuation of the climatic regions.